History

History is the study of the past. People know what has happened in the past by looking at things from the past: books, newspapers and letters. Libraries, archives or museums collect and keep these things for studying history. A person who studies history is called a historian. A person who study prehistory is called an archaeologist and they study artefacts like pottery and stone tools instead of written sources.

People can learn about the past by talking to people who remember things that happened in the past. This is called oral history. When people who had been slaves and American Civil War survivors got old, some historians recorded everything that they said, so that history would not be lost.

In old times people in different parts of the world kept different histories because they did not meet each other very often. Some groups of people never met each other. Medieval Europe, Ancient Rome and Ancient China all thought that they ruled the only important parts of the world and that other parts were "barbarian".

• Pre-history
• Ancient history
  • Sumer
  • Ancient Egypt
  • Babylonia
  • Ancient Armenia
  • Ancient Greece
  • Ancient India
  • Ancient China and Japan, Korea, Mongolia
  • Ancient Southeast Asia - Cambodia - Thailand - Indonesia
  • Ancient North America - Iroquois, Mohawk, Huron, Haida, Lenape, Mohican, Cree, Sioux, Inuit, Dene
  • Ancient Central America - Aztecs, Maya, Olmecs, Toltecs, Teotihuacan, Mixtecs
  • Ancient South America - Inca, Chimu, Tihuanacu, Huari
  • Ancient Africa
  • Ancient Australia
• Roman Empire
• Christian Rome - Justinian to the rise of Byzantium
• Chinese Dynasties
• Byzantine Empire
• Early Islamic Caliphate - Muhammad to The Crusades
• Early Middle Ages - end of European Dark Ages to rise of Roman Catholic Church
• High Middle Ages and the Crusades - conflict with Islam, Cathars, pagan tribes in Lithuania, etc.
• Late Middle Ages - 13th century to 15th century
• Late Islamic Caliphate - to fall of Muslim Spain
• Renaissance - 15th century renewal of science etc., based on texts from Ancient Greece and Roman Empire that were preserved by Muslims and captured by Christians
• Colonizing the Americas - 15th century impact on America
• Baroque era - mid 16th century to mid-late 18th century - conflict of Ottoman Empire with Austria-Hungary
• Enlightenment - mid 17th century to late 18th century
• 19th century
• 20th century
  • History of Australia since colonizing Australia
  • History of the United States since American Revolution
• Modern History and origins of modern world power structure
  • World War I
  • World War II
  • United Nations ascendance - how it became so central.
  • Chinese Revolution, Partition of India, North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
  • US-Soviet Cold War including Korean War, Vietnam War, Soviet-Afghan War
  • Recent conflicts in the Muslim World - Arab-Israeli Wars, UN-Iraq War, US invasion of Afghanistan, US invasion of Iraq
  • Recent conflicts in West Africa - Uganda, Chad, Rwanda, Congo, Liberia, Ivory Coast, and so on

Current events, modern economic history, modern social history and modern intellectual history take very different views of the way history has affected the way that we think today.

See also

• List of historians
• world history